Journal of Islamic Civilization and Culture

Time Review and Its Effects on the Legal Systems of Afghanistan and Iran

Mohammad Yasin Mutawakel, — 2023-09-16

The most significant and recent effect of possession is the acquisition of real rights. Ownership through possession is attained over time in immovable properties. The passage of time in possession of real estate constitutes the acquisition of rights; however, the passage of time as a means of extinguishing rights serves as a result of non-claim and non-use of rights for a specified period.

The legal system of Afghanistan has accepted the principle of prescription, while the modern civil legal system of Iran has not embraced the principle of prescription, although in some cases, deadlines are stipulated for claimants to establish their claims. If the claimant does not assert their right within the specified period, their claim is not recognized.

This article critically examines the perspectives of the legal systems of Iran and Afghanistan regarding prescription and comes to the conclusion that accepting the theory of prescription seems more aligned with social order, stability of agreements, logical justice, and fairness, considering its conditions.

The Impact of Foreign Capital Inflow (CPI) on Pakistan’s Economic Development

Dr Shabana Noreen, — 2023-10-16

The influence of the component of the foreign capital inflow (FCI) on GDP growth has always been a contentious issue among the academics and still the magnitudes of the elements of foreign capital inflow (FCI) was not confirmed. Therefore, this study was accomplished to check the effect of the component of the foreign capital on Pakistan’s GDP growth to used ARDL and granger-causality methods for estimation from 1975 to 2020. Results indicated that foreign aid, personal remittances, and FDI has beneficial and important effect on GDP growth. There is short-period equilibrium is converged to long-period equilibrium with 53% adjustment level and exist long-period co-integration among the variables. This study also found that there is a two-way causality among remittances and GDP growth, while there is unidirectional causality running from FDI to GDP growth. However, there are no causality found between aid and GDP growth. Therefore, this study confirmed that the FCI has helpful consequences on GDP growth of Pakistan. This study recommended that the government should attract FDI inflow, more remittances, and aid to enhance economic growth.

History of Pashto Translations of Bible: Its Impact on Pashto Language and Literature[1]

Dr. Muhammad Ali Dinakhel — 2023-12-01

The history of Pashto translation of Bible started by John Lyden in 1818 with parts of Bible translation followed by Pashto translations of New and Old Testament by William Carey in 1863 and the practice continued till the publication of full revised Bible by United Bible Societies in 2020. Bible was translated from Hebrew, Greek and English languages into Pashto prose and verse. Missionaries were assisted in these translations by Pashtun mullahs, qazis, scribes and local converts. Prominent Pashtun who assisted in these translations were Ahmad, Qazi Abdul Rahman, Ghulam Jilani, M.A. Taib, Hamidullah and Wazir-al-Din. Bible translations into Pashto left its impact on Pashto language and literature in terms of style and themes. The first printed in Pashto is the translation of Bible. Early Pashto translations helped in the emergence of standard Pashto dialect. This article explores the history of Bible translation into Pashto. Furthermore, it highlights the significant contributions of prominent individuals, missions and organizations. It also explores thematic, stylistic, literary and linguistic impacts of Bible translation on Pashto language and literature. The study is going to be dominantly descriptive in nature based on the primary and secondary sources.

[1] An early version of this article was presented in International Conference on Christianity and Christians in Pakistan, organized by Kellogg College University of Oxford, London on June 15-16, 2023.

Social Classification and the Arabs in Early Islamic History: Its Credit and Debit Aspects

Dr. Muhammad Daniyal Khan — 2023-12-25

The expansion of the Islamic polity brought in its wake the cosmopolitisation of society due to the interaction with the diversified strata of the other civilisations, Empires, states, ethnic and racial communities, and the bearers of different cultures like the Byzantines, the Persians, the Africans, the Indians, the Soghdanians of Central Asians, the Magians, the Zoarastrians and the Azeries, etc. Due to the newly emerged multifaceted society and culture, the social fabric and classification took a new turn, giving birth to new and novel issues and questions. But those at the helm of affairs addressed them meticulously and very shrewdly through an effective administrative network of plans, policies, and programmes affecting the social, political, and economic setup of the newly conquered territories having both positive and negative implications with far-reaching consequences.

سرجری کی مختلف صورتوں کے جواز اور عدم جواز کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Dr Muhammad Aziz — 2023-12-25

Surgery is neither inclusively permissible nor exclusively prohibited in Islam. Permissibility or impermissibility depends on its purpose and need. Where there is a sound purpose and actual need, permission will be given accordingly, otherwise no compromise and relaxation will be given. Additionally, it should be noted that in surgery, no body-part or organ of another human being or any other impermissible material should be used. Surgery should not be undertaken merely on the apprehension of risk; rather the fraction of benefit should be dominant over the possibility of harm. Sound purpose refers to eliminating defect and preventing sickness while actual need refers to non-existence of a permissible and easy substitute.

In light of these principles, surgery for fixing a cut lip is permissible for elimination of defect. An additional finger which causes harm can also be removed for prevention of harm. A youngster who is suffering from facial lines and winkles which causes such repulsiveness that no one agrees to marry him/her will be allowed based on prevention of harm. But in the case of an elderly person, such a surgery will not be permissible. Similarly, a youngster who undertakes surgery just to look more handsome will also not be permitted. This article analyzes this issue from various perspectives to elaborate the SharÊ´ah perspective on the issue.

علامہ سیوطی ؒ اور ان کی کتاب ’’زھر الرُبیٰ ‘‘:تعارف و منہج

DR Asma Bibi — 2023-12-25

The great Muhaddith Ahmad bin Shoaib Al-Nasa'i (died 303 AH), who was born in Nisa region of Khorasan, wrote a book on the subject of Hadith, which is counted among Sihah Sita. Imam Suyuti (died 911 AH) is also considered, he wrote a footnote on the famous book Sunan al-Nasa'i, which is known as Zahr al-Ruba. This footnote is printed along with the text of Sunan al-Nasa'i, a large book in the religion Institutions curriculum. The style and method of this footnote is discussed in the following topic.

Pak-Iran Land Trade Routes: Makran Division, Balochistan

Saman Pari — 2023-12-25

This paper attempts to chart and highlight impact of notifying [un]declared Pak-Iran land trade routes (crossing points) in the light of ‘Rights of people residing border areas under International law’. Pak-Iran border stretches 902 Kilometers via Balochistan Province of Pakistan. Not only 2/3 of this border touches five districts of Makran Division, namely: Gawadar, Kech, Panjgur, Washuk and Chaghi, rather population of these districts heavily depend upon Iran in terms of trade, energy, consumable commodities and employment. Iranian edibles and other commodities have been smoothly flowing into Makran division via [un] declared border crossing points since times immemorial. There exist dozens of crossing points including nine notified land trade routes (crossing points) between Makran Division and Iran, and a declared sea route. To evaluate impact upon livelihood of local people notification of Rimdan-Gabd land trade route connecting Gawadar District of Makran Division and the Pishin-Mand land trade route are focused in particular. A major crossing point, called Chedgi, located near the Mashkel River in Panjgur District of Makran Division, though irregular, serves as conduit to major Iranian imports, including, edibles. Chedgi generates handsome amount annually both for National exchequer, State Law enforcers, besides providing livelihood to the local residents. On December 19, 2020, Pakistan and Iran notified the Rimdan-Gabd land trade route, with Iran’s Southeastern Sistan-Balochistan Province, just 130 km away from the strategic Chahbahar Port of Iran. Subsequently on April 22, 2021, in bordering Kech District of Makran Division the Pishin-Mand land trade route was notified.

أسلوب التخصيص بعد التعميم وأسراره البلاغية في القرآن الكريم (دراسة بلاغية تحليلية)

Dr. Fahmeeda bibi — 2023-12-25

Quran is the greatest and authentic direction that Allah sent down for the guidance of mankind. it has different methods that contain a miracle structure to convey the Quranic concept to the mankind mind especially rhetoric science. One of them is “The style of Specification after generalization in the Holy Quran”.

So the scholar feel the interest to do research on this title and its teaching method. This research aimed to study the restriction style and its eloquence with application to the Holy Quran in details, defining its literally and terminologically, knowing its methods and kinds in some verses which contain and shows the restriction places in it. The methodology used in research is descriptive and rhetorical.